Monday, January 18, 2010

19-01-2010

utk lihat beberapa line dlm file paling awal.

$ head pythonlist.txt

lihat 5 file

$ head -5 pythonlist.txt

10 fail terakhir

$ fail pythonlist,txt

utk tgk 4 fail
$ tail -4 pythonlist,txt

2 fail utk tunjuk 1 page file tkn enter scorelle line by line

1.$ more pythonlist.txt
ctrl c

2.
$ less pythonlist,txt
berbeza krn scrolle blh atas ke bawah

kalau ingin lihat bawah ke atas
$ tac pythonlist.txt

sentiasa ada isi dan bertambah=link up/link down
$ tail -f /var/log/messages.

18.01.10

utk tgk sesuatu file

$ cat/etc/resolv.cont-store ons server address.

name server=202.108.0.133
=202.188.1.5

$ cat.profile

$ ls /bin

nak semua file

$ ls /bin >binfiles.txt

$ cat binfiles.txt

dalam satu file

$ cat binfiles.txt /pg

search semua file python

$ locate.python

masuk dlm satu file

$ pythonlist.txt

$ locate pythons >pythonlist.txt

$ ls

14.01.2010

get comman prompt
eg:nailfarkuning-laptop:~$

*nailfarkuning-user name
*nailfarkuning-laptopsystem name@computer name
*~:home director
*~$:current director

$ls-for list files/folders in a directory

login:username
biru:folder
putih:fail biasa

taip $ "."adalah hidden
"."biru-hidden folder

$ls -1

drwr-xr-x3 nailfarkuning nailfarkuning 4096 2010-01013 14:49 desktop

drwr-xr-x3-permission bit
nailfarkuning-oconer group
nailfarkuning-owner group
4096-size file/folder
2010-01-13-date created/modified
14:49-times
desktop-file/folder name

d=director
r=read
x=execute
w=write

rws=user
xr=group
x3=other-guest

MUSIC,PICTURE,VIDEO

utk listkan file yg ada dalam directory
$ ls:name of director

utk listkan file yg ada dalam /var

$ li /var

utk listkan file yg ada dlm log

$ ls/var/log

utk listkan file yg ada dlm apt

$ ls/var/log/apt
akan kuar:term.log

$ ls -1 /var/log/apt

$=common
-1=option file

-utk listkan dalam linux blh jg guna (-a)

utk listkan file yg ada bawah sbin

$ ls /sbin
*file hijau- programe

=guna comman ni hya dpt snaraikan separuh dari semua program yg hanya muat pd skrin.

-utk listkan semua file dlm sbin

$ ls /sbin |pg

-ada lg file teruskan tekan enter -EOK

-utk tgk line by line

$ ls /sbin |more'.

utk kembali pd comman prompt/about process tekan CTRL C @ CTRL Z.

$ ls /sbin | grep mod

*desmod
*insmod

$ ls/sbin |grep ip

*ip tunnel
*ip naddr

$ man iptunnel/ ip tables

man-manual

utk keluar ctrl c@ ctrl z

charge directory=desktop
$ cd desktop

utk pg semua
$ cd

masuk dlm directory document
~i dokument $ mkdir manual
kemudian tekan ~/ document $ ls

tekan ~document $ cd manual
~1 document /manual / $

create file kosong dlm document

~ / document / $ touch cmdline

=utk copy cmdlines kpd file lain

~/document /manual /$ cp cmdlines cmdlines /

=copy dr directory manual kpd desktop

~/ document manual cp cmdlines ~/desktop/cmdlines

then ls ~/desktop

copy kpd nama lain
~desktop /cmdlines II

=delete file rm-remove

$ rm cmdlines I

18.01.2010

utk tgk isi sesuatu file

$ cat/etc/resolve.conf-store dns server address

-name server:202.108.0.133
:202.188.1.5

$cat. profile.

$ls /bin

kalau nak semua file
$ls /bin >binfiles.txt

$ cat binfiles.txt

kalau satu2 file

$ cat binfiles.txt /pg

search semua file python

$locate .python

masuk dalam satu file
$pythonlist.txt
$locate pythons >pythonlist.txt

$ ls


FILE SYSTEM

-the way data is organise in a system.

-for windows:FAT,FAT32,NTFS
-for linux:EXT3,EXT4,REISERFS

-EXT3,EXT4 IS A DEFAULT
-REISERFS IS ONLY SUESE LINUX USE THIS.

LINUX FILE SYSTEM.

-IN WINDOW
C D
partition 1 partition 2 hard disk

E

IN LINUX:all the c,d, or e is consider 1 hard disks.

PROGRAME FILES
SISTEM WEB MAIL
(MISCELLANO US DIRECTORY WILL USE VAR)

-important in linux
-catted root
-/bin-all file will be under the root.
-/var-lib n share
-/home-user folder
*user 1

IN:SYSTEM

UPDATE MANEGER
-senarai semua update yg terbaru .
-jk ada version baru untuk ubuntu akan diberitahu di sini hanya click install-foc

synaptic package manager- 2nd way to do installation
-install,remove,update software.

GIMP-similar to photoshop.
INSCAPE-similar to adobe illustrator.
GEAD-autocard.
SARIBUS-microsoft publishers.

-utk install dr synpatic pacage manager.

-click.
-mark for install
-apply
remove-remark for install.

-jika remove,file masih ada cuma x blh run.
-jika nak buang semua klik complete remove.


-applications
-ubuntu software center.

all these are auto-install

manual installation

Sunday, January 17, 2010

13-01-2010

linux interface.

-common prompt

GUI-grafical unix interface
*genone-deman based distro
*KDE-byk option use by redhat based distro-suse linux(kubuntu)
*XFCE-lightweigh
*webmin-web based linux interface
-serever based linux distro

commont prompt

Terminal -application
-accessories
-terminal

5-1-2010

linux+open source
linux-is a free unix-type operating system originally created by linux torvald with the assistance of developers around the world.

linux-operating system
*windows-pc/server
*windows-apple
*solaris-sun
*limix-solver

-barkhy umix
-hp-hpux
-bvy-petx

hard based pc operating system
-release*gmu licence
*open source

item2 dlm linux:
-redhat
-clarkenet
-suese
-debian
-ubuntu