27-01-10

Directory buat resume

$sudo mkdir /var/www/resume

$cd /var/www/resume

$ var/www/resume $ sudo touch index.html
" " gambar.html
" " biodata.html
" " education.html
" " work.html

dlm index html

nama:link utk gambar
biodata:link utk biodata
education:link utk education
work:link utk work

buka localhost/resume

resume saya

nama:saidatul klik disini

biodata:klik disini

education:klik disini

work:klik disini

save CTRL O enter

utk lihat
$cd /var/www/resume
$ sudo nano biodata.html

26-01-10

Utk letak gambar.

$ sudo nano /var/www/gambar.html

masukan dalam file

$ sudo cp/home/saidatul/desktop/intro.jpg/var/www

masukkan password
$ ls /var/www

keluar index.html intro.jpg

utk masuk ke terminal gambar
$ suda nano /var/www/gambar.html


Setelah berada di terminal:

save CTRL O enter

utk lihat samada ganbar atau x.cari di

http://localhost/gambar.html

utk copy banyak gambar

$sudo cp -r desktop/var/www

$sudo cp/home/saidatul/picture/cat.jpg/var/www

utk besarkan gambar

centerkan gambar

Tukarkan font

test

nak linkkan index kpd gambar

ini gambar saya /a>

nak link gambar kepda index

insep /a>

blh klik gambar pergi ke file lain

26-01-2010

Apache-web server

$ sudo apt-get install apache

$ sudo apt-get update

$ sudo apt-get install apache 2.
window -IIS

web server
->web pages

$ ls /var/www
akan kuar index.html

untuk lihat file:

$sudo nano /var/www/index,html

tukarkan file kpd "ini web server saidatul"

WEBSITE

$ sudo nano /var/www/index.html
page 2 tukar

ini web server saidatul

tekan CTRL O enter

Taip

taip apa2 maklumat




Jika ingin masukkan maklumat lain

student

utk jarakan i perkataan

22-01-2010

Tambah user dalam user class

-$ sudo groupadd class

$ sudo useradd "student 1" -g class

$ sudo useradd student 2 (user ni x blh guna)

set password

$ sudo password student1

masukan password student 1

-open terminal tty3

CTRL+ALT 3
.Login as a student 1

-Open terminal tty4

CTRL +ALT4
.login as astudent 2

lepas masukan dua2,masukan
-$ pwd=show where we are

$ sudo useradd student3 -d/home/student3

$ sudo password student3

open terminal
CTRL +ALT +F5
-masukan password student3
taipkan pwd.

untuk delete

-$ sudo useradd student3
@
-$ sudo useradd student3 -m

-$sudo usrerdel student3
-pwd

utk lihat sape yg login kita
-$ who
@
-$ finger

21-01-10

mount disket

-$ mount/dev/fdo mnt/floppy

-$ ls /mnt -utk version lama

-utk connect cd rom

-$ ls /media

-kita blh mount dlm mnt director.

$ mount /dev/cdrom/mnt/cdrom

-$ sudo mkdir /mnt/cdrom

=download satu imej file

-dsf.iso

$mount -o loop files .iso/mnt/cdrom

berapa byk space yg blh digunakan;
$ du -sh /var

sudo du-sh/var

-detail space yg byk digunakan

$du -sk *|sort -rn

then
-$ du -sk *|sort -n

utk lihat file lain

$ ls -lSr |more.

*common user group.
-terdpt beberapa file dlm user group;
=sales
=admin
=technical
=account

$ groupadd sales
$ sudo grounpadd sales

-utk delete
$ groupdel technical

utk tgk semua group dlm system;

$ cat /etc/groups

change group account name to marketing

-$groupmod -n marketing account

utk check
-$ cat /etc /group

21.01.2010

membuat hard disk-ide
-ide /dev/hda
-sata /dev/sda

*kalau ada 2 hard disk
-ide/dev/hdb
-ide/dev/sdb

-dalam 1 hard disk blh bt bnyk pation.
cth:window,linux,swap
-dlm linux pation ada no.

1./deb/hda 1
2./deb/hda 2

-$ sudo parted

-then tekan enter akan terpapar satu item spt:

number start end size type file system flagl
1 8258kb 89.1gb 81.1gb primary nlfs boot

window-install system

*vfat
*fat
*fat32
*ntfs(window xp)

jika ingin keluar;
parted-quit

-bila boot pd linux akan boot printing linux:

mounted system recognise.
-$ df -h =akan jumpe skrin imformation

-mount satu pation spt cd rom
kene bt satu directory

$ mkdir windows

$ sudo mount /dev/sda 1

$ ls windows
*hijau merupakan window file

$ ls windows /'program files'

$ sudo mount windows

$ amount/dev/sda 1 on /home/user/windows

jika ingin buang

$ umount /dev/sda....................../windows

20-01-2010

=Mencari file yg specific dlm directory

$ find / -name messages

=Mencari file yg terakhir dlm conf.

$ find / -name \*conf

=mencari file dlm satu user

$ find / -user user account(saidatul)

=modify file dlm masa 10 hari

$ find /var -mtime -10
*modified @ created

=utk modify lebih

$ find /var -mtime +20

blh jgk gune

$ find /home -mtime +20@-20

=utk cari file yg dah access

$ find /home +atime +20

=utk list file yg dah diguna dlm masa 10 hari

$find /bin -atime 10 hari

=utk cari location tempat simpan file

$ whereis mozilla

mozilla
firefox
empathy

19-01-2010

utk lihat beberapa line dlm file paling awal.

$ head pythonlist.txt

lihat 5 file

$ head -5 pythonlist.txt

10 fail terakhir

$ fail pythonlist,txt

utk tgk 4 fail
$ tail -4 pythonlist,txt

2 fail utk tunjuk 1 page file tkn enter scorelle line by line

1.$ more pythonlist.txt
ctrl c

2.
$ less pythonlist,txt
berbeza krn scrolle blh atas ke bawah

kalau ingin lihat bawah ke atas
$ tac pythonlist.txt

sentiasa ada isi dan bertambah=link up/link down
$ tail -f /var/log/messages.

18.01.10

utk tgk sesuatu file

$ cat/etc/resolv.cont-store ons server address.

name server=202.108.0.133
=202.188.1.5

$ cat.profile

$ ls /bin

nak semua file

$ ls /bin >binfiles.txt

$ cat binfiles.txt

dalam satu file

$ cat binfiles.txt /pg

search semua file python

$ locate.python

masuk dlm satu file

$ pythonlist.txt

$ locate pythons >pythonlist.txt

$ ls

14.01.2010

get comman prompt
eg:nailfarkuning-laptop:~$

*nailfarkuning-user name
*nailfarkuning-laptopsystem name@computer name
*~:home director
*~$:current director

$ls-for list files/folders in a directory

login:username
biru:folder
putih:fail biasa

taip $ "."adalah hidden
"."biru-hidden folder

$ls -1

drwr-xr-x3 nailfarkuning nailfarkuning 4096 2010-01013 14:49 desktop

drwr-xr-x3-permission bit
nailfarkuning-oconer group
nailfarkuning-owner group
4096-size file/folder
2010-01-13-date created/modified
14:49-times
desktop-file/folder name

d=director
r=read
x=execute
w=write

rws=user
xr=group
x3=other-guest

MUSIC,PICTURE,VIDEO

utk listkan file yg ada dalam directory
$ ls:name of director

utk listkan file yg ada dalam /var

$ li /var

utk listkan file yg ada dlm log

$ ls/var/log

utk listkan file yg ada dlm apt

$ ls/var/log/apt
akan kuar:term.log

$ ls -1 /var/log/apt

$=common
-1=option file

-utk listkan dalam linux blh jg guna (-a)

utk listkan file yg ada bawah sbin

$ ls /sbin
*file hijau- programe

=guna comman ni hya dpt snaraikan separuh dari semua program yg hanya muat pd skrin.

-utk listkan semua file dlm sbin

$ ls /sbin |pg

-ada lg file teruskan tekan enter -EOK

-utk tgk line by line

$ ls /sbin |more'.

utk kembali pd comman prompt/about process tekan CTRL C @ CTRL Z.

$ ls /sbin | grep mod

*desmod
*insmod

$ ls/sbin |grep ip

*ip tunnel
*ip naddr

$ man iptunnel/ ip tables

man-manual

utk keluar ctrl c@ ctrl z

charge directory=desktop
$ cd desktop

utk pg semua
$ cd

masuk dlm directory document
~i dokument $ mkdir manual
kemudian tekan ~/ document $ ls

tekan ~document $ cd manual
~1 document /manual / $

create file kosong dlm document

~ / document / $ touch cmdline

=utk copy cmdlines kpd file lain

~/document /manual /$ cp cmdlines cmdlines /

=copy dr directory manual kpd desktop

~/ document manual cp cmdlines ~/desktop/cmdlines

then ls ~/desktop

copy kpd nama lain
~desktop /cmdlines II

=delete file rm-remove

$ rm cmdlines I

18.01.2010

utk tgk isi sesuatu file

$ cat/etc/resolve.conf-store dns server address

-name server:202.108.0.133
:202.188.1.5

$cat. profile.

$ls /bin

kalau nak semua file
$ls /bin >binfiles.txt

$ cat binfiles.txt

kalau satu2 file

$ cat binfiles.txt /pg

search semua file python

$locate .python

masuk dalam satu file
$pythonlist.txt
$locate pythons >pythonlist.txt

$ ls


FILE SYSTEM

-the way data is organise in a system.

-for windows:FAT,FAT32,NTFS
-for linux:EXT3,EXT4,REISERFS

-EXT3,EXT4 IS A DEFAULT
-REISERFS IS ONLY SUESE LINUX USE THIS.

LINUX FILE SYSTEM.

-IN WINDOW
C D
partition 1 partition 2 hard disk

E

IN LINUX:all the c,d, or e is consider 1 hard disks.

PROGRAME FILES
SISTEM WEB MAIL
(MISCELLANO US DIRECTORY WILL USE VAR)

-important in linux
-catted root
-/bin-all file will be under the root.
-/var-lib n share
-/home-user folder
*user 1

IN:SYSTEM

UPDATE MANEGER
-senarai semua update yg terbaru .
-jk ada version baru untuk ubuntu akan diberitahu di sini hanya click install-foc

synaptic package manager- 2nd way to do installation
-install,remove,update software.

GIMP-similar to photoshop.
INSCAPE-similar to adobe illustrator.
GEAD-autocard.
SARIBUS-microsoft publishers.

-utk install dr synpatic pacage manager.

-click.
-mark for install
-apply
remove-remark for install.

-jika remove,file masih ada cuma x blh run.
-jika nak buang semua klik complete remove.


-applications
-ubuntu software center.

all these are auto-install

manual installation

13-01-2010

linux interface.

-common prompt

GUI-grafical unix interface
*genone-deman based distro
*KDE-byk option use by redhat based distro-suse linux(kubuntu)
*XFCE-lightweigh
*webmin-web based linux interface
-serever based linux distro

commont prompt

Terminal -application
-accessories
-terminal

5-1-2010

linux+open source
linux-is a free unix-type operating system originally created by linux torvald with the assistance of developers around the world.

linux-operating system
*windows-pc/server
*windows-apple
*solaris-sun
*limix-solver

-barkhy umix
-hp-hpux
-bvy-petx

hard based pc operating system
-release*gmu licence
*open source

item2 dlm linux:
-redhat
-clarkenet
-suese
-debian
-ubuntu